Nutrient Management Strategies for Enhancing Maize Productivity in India: An Overview

Nutrient management in Maize

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most versatile crop next to rice and wheat. It can be grown over diverse agro-climatic conditions. It has immense potential and is therefore regarded as “Queen of the cereals”. Globally, maize is grown on an area about 196 million hectares, yielding approximately 1110 million metric tons annually, with the United States leading in production as well as productivity (FAOSTAT, 2021-22). In India, maize cultivation covers an area of about 9.20 million hectares, producing 27.23 million metric tons of grains annually (MOA&FW, 2021-22). However, productivity in India starts decreasing below the global average due to several challenges, including deficiencies in quality seed production, limited adoption of technology and small landholdings, which hinder growth. Moreover, improper fertilizer usage and unpredictable weather patterns exacerbate yield limitations. To Overcome these challenges necessitates ensuring consistent nutrient supply throughout the season which is vital for maintaining balanced crop nutrition. However, 4R approach—utilizing the right source, at the right time, in the right place, and with the right method—plays pivotal role in maize nutrient management strategies. Meeting maize's micronutrient needs during key growth stages is imperative for achieving higher productivity and promoting environmental sustainability. Strategies such as balanced fertilization, micronutrient application, integrated nutrient management, incorporating legumes, and precision practices are essential for maximizing production and productivity.  Keeping the above points in view, significance of nutrient management in enhancing maize productivity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices has been reviewed.